Installation and device for the distillation and depolymerization of liquid or liquefiable hydrocarbons



Feb. 19,1929. 1,102,275

A. A. F. M. SEIGLE INSTALLATION AND DEVICE FOR THE DISTILLATION ANDDEPOLYMERIZA'IION OF LIQUID OR LIQUEFIABLE HYDROOARBONS Filod Dec. 19.1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.1

flcuwnzfiumu: Fnmqous MARIUS Sneu;

uNVENTOR;

By Manny.

Feb. 19, 1929. 1,702,275

A. A. F. M. SEIGLE INSTALLATION AND DEVICE FOR THE DIS'IILLATION ANDDEPOLYIERIZATIOI 0F LIQUID 0R LIQUEFIABLE HYDROCARBONS Filed Dec. 19.1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. 2

flnmme/lw rams fiwvgo/s MIR/us 506 IN V E NT 0 R;

' Attorney.

Feb. 19, 1929. 1,702,275

A. A. F. M. SEIGLE INSTALLATION AND DEVICE FOR THE DIST-ILLATION ANDDEPOLYMERIZATION OF LIQUID 0R- LIQUEFIABLE nnmocmaons Filed Dec. 19.1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 A Mtom ey.

Feb; 19, 1929.

JNSTALLA'IION AND DEVICE FOR Fig.4

F. M. SEIGLE THE DISTILLATION AND DEPOLYMERIZATION OF LIQUID ORLIQUEFIABLE HYDROCARBONS I Filed Dec. 19. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Known:Anromr: Frmugola MAmus SHELL INVENTOR;

Feb. 19, 1929. 1,702,215

A. A. F. M. SEIGLE INSTALLATION AND DEVICE FOR THE DISTILLATION ANDDEPOLYHERIZATION 0F LIQUID OR LIQUEFIABLE HYDROCARBONS Filed Dec. 19,1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Adolphe Anioim: Franq dis M mv: ur a Patented Feb.19, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

anonrrm monm'rnancors MABIUs 'sEIoLE, or rams, amen,

msrmarrox up navrcn roa 'rnn DISTILLATION AND nnroLYuanm'rIoN of "macroon moonrmnna nrnnocamaons.

Application Med December 19, 1922, Serial No. 607,901, and in FranceDecember22, 1921.

' This invention has for its object an installation affording thedistillation and the depolymerization of certain liquid or liquefiablehydrocarbons, crude or residual, such as par atlins, rosins,naphthalenes, crude petroleum or naphtha, the mazouts, heavy oils fromcoal, peat, petroleum, shale, lignite and otherproducts of like chemicalcomposition.

The installation according to the present invention comprises one ormore vertical retorts in which the hydrocarbons to' be treated arevaporized, or in some cases, superheated, these hydrocarbons beingcarried to the lower part of said retorts at about atmospherie pressure,the retorts being provided at their upper ends with heating means inwhich the flame is directed downwards and with groups ofcooler-expanders n which the vapour given oil from the retorts issubjected to periods of expansion an cooling, the cooler-expanders ofeach group being superposed, and the lower cooler-expanders beingsituated above the retort or retorts, the circulation of the gases andvapours occurring by their natural ascension across the wholeinstallation.

Inthis manner the gases or hydrocarbon vapours are subjected to apressure which.

never exceeds the atmospheric pressure by more than 15 to 20 mm. ofwater. I thus overcome the risk of explosion and the escape of boilingoil or'very inflammable gases which are produced in the known apparatusunder very dangerous pressures.

Moreover, as in each group of cooler-expanders, the said apparatus aresuperposed, thevapours uncondensed in the lower apparatus ascendnaturally into the upper apparatus, and the pumps which were used forthis purpose may now be dispensed with.

Other characteristic features of my invention reside in the constructionof the 'retorts which are constituted by two concentric metal tubeswhich may be, at will, separated from one another, the details ofconstruction beingelearly set forth in the following description. I

In the annexed drawings illustrating by way of example a plantcomprising only one retort, two cooler-expanders and a few accessoryparts:

Fig. 1 shows an elevation of the plant.

Fig- 2 is a s d ew of the same.

" Fig. 3 is a plan view of the same.

Fig. dis a vertical axial section of one retort.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a partof said retort showing the pathfollowed by the gases and vapours within the retort.

Fig. 6 is a cross section along line AA (Fig. 4) i Fig. 7 isadiagrammatic axial section of an expanding and cooling apparatus, and

Fig. Sis a partial view of a modified plant.

The first series of apparatus numbered 1234567 comprises the fuelpressure tank (1'), the flexible pi e (2) connecting the tank to theburners o the retort, the burner or flame projector (3), the heatexchangers (5), the motor-turbine (6) for the suction ofburnt gases, theexhaust pipe (7 for the burnt gases. It is easy to see d which is thedirection followed by the fuel and the combustion gases, and, also, howa maximum use of the heat is obtained, first in the retort and, finally,in the successive heat exchangers.

The second series of devices AB-C D-D comprises the apparatus by meansof which distillation and depolymerization of the raw material isobtained. Said devices are: A the feed tank containing the mazout or thecrude oil, B the radiator used for a preliminary heating of the mazout,C the retort, D the first expander-cooler, D the second expander-coolersaid coolers being, moreover, provided with drain cocks d and d.

The devices indicated by F-G-HI- I' I"- I are those used for heating andcirculating the cooling water supplied to the expander-coolers. F is acondenser for condensing the hydrocarbons escaping in the gaseous statefrom the second cooler-expander; G is the radiator used for heating thewater up tonearly 100, H and H are the pumps for circulating the water;I--

"l' are water pipes. The steam produced in the cooler-expanders canescape through the pipes JJ'J K and 100 K are water drainers; N and Nare water gauges connected to the coolers.

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 shows the details of the retort and a perspectivediagram which give an understanding of the course of travel of 10.5

the vaporized hydrocarbons therethrough,

casing, due to the fact that this tom inside the central casing a ofFig. 4; the radiant heat of the flame is entirely utilized during itswhole travel through the central )owerful source of heat is onlyseparated irom the vapors or molecules to be distilled or depoly-.merized by the thin metallic wall which constitutes this central casingand it is well known that the transmission of the radiant heat is ininverse ratio to the'square of the distance. Moreover, the burning jetis supplied, at various points along said casing, with cold air or, ifnecessary, with hot air, which secures a perfect and smokelesscombustion of the atomized fuel employed, and prevents entirely, at thesame time, the formation of any deposit of carbon upon the Walls, suchdeposit requiring, in furnaces provided with nonrefractory walls, veryfrequent cleanings and a careful watching.

There are two'dilferent ways to efi'ect the said air supply, accordingas the air is to be supplied in the cold or in the hot state. In orderto introduce cold air, three or four plugs 1) (Figs. 4 and 6) areprovided which are equipped with check nuts which secure a tight jointbetween the plugs and the retort, and will allow only the introductionof the air through a hole in their center. In order to introduce hotair, three or four tubes 6 may be also provided along the central casingso that the air introduced from the top of the retort may enter each'ofthe annular cavities f and f (Fig. 4) of the casing, after having beenstrongly heated by passing through said tubes which are in directcontact with the flame all along their length.

The central conduit a has a smaller cross section at the top than at thebase, while the jacket a has a slightly tapered shape.

The horizontal discs which divide up the I inner annular part of theretort, are disposed as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. They are parallel to oneanother and welded to the telescopic casing, or cast with it and, asshown in the drawings, they are merely in contact with the outer casing0,, whereby the central conduit a together with the discs may be takenout of the jacket a for cleaning or repairing purposes. The technicaland practical importance of such a retort consists not only of itsremovable inner casing, but, above all, in the circulation, alternatelyascensional and rotating, of the vaporized hydrocarbons in a series ofsuperposed partial retorts formed bythe annular chambers between thesuccessive discs or partitions p. In the device shown by Figs. 4, 5 and6, said series comprises twelve artial retor'ts.

The liquid or liquefie hydrocarbons to be subjected to the distillationor depolymerization enter the lower partial retort after having beenmoreor less heated.

The feed tank A (Fig. 1) is so arranged as to maintain a steady levelwhich cannot exceed the level 12 which, in this case, is that of the toppartition of said lower partial retort, and the temperature is soregulated as to secure a sufficient vaporization in this partial retort.From there on the vaporized hydrocarbons ascend successively through thediscs and the way followed up by said vaporized hydrocarbons ispartially shown in the perspective view (Fig. 5) and is hereafterexplained. For instance, the vaporized hydrocarbons entering,through'hole O in plate 7'), into the compartment between the two discsp and p, are caused by the partition as at right angle to the plate, toflow completely around the central casing, which furtherincreases theirtemperature; then they escape from said compartment through hole 0punched into plate 3) and are, again, caused to flow through a completeconvolution, but in a reverse direction,around casing a, and so on.During said travel the vapors reach a temperature progressivelyincreasing and which when they reach the top of the retort, will beabout 600 centigrade.

The great advantage of this arrangement is that each compartment limitedby two discs fills, one might say, the functions ofa separate retort inwhich the temperature has a certain constant value.

Furthermore with such a device it becomes very easy to regulate thetemperature of the molecules to be depolymerized, for the transmissionof the radiant heat through the metallic partition of the casing issubstantially instantaneous and the intensity of said heating action canbe regulated at will by the use of a simple cock. Moreover, the heatingtaking place inside and concentrically with the products to be distilledor depolymerized, the heat losses are rendered nearly nil (if vcomparedto the losses resulting from the use of primitive devices ordinarilyused in this industry), by the use of the insulated envelope 3/ whichsurrounds the retort externally and, also, the other parts and tubesthrough which the vapors circulate at a high temperature.

A further advantage is not to be overlooked. As already said, during theoperation of the present process, the vaporized hydrocarbons aresubjected on the one hand to a pressure not higher than 15 to 20 mm. ofwater above atmospheric'pressure, as, starting from the bottom of theretort, they move 'mto zones of progressively increasing temperatures,which secures their natural ascension up into the retort, and, on theother hand, to the action of metallic chips 2:, 22 m (Fig. 4) disposedon plates 12 p, whereby the hydrocarbons are transformed into use ofcertain scientific data of interest to .the

industry.

This device secures:

1. The complete and very methodical use of the heat and of the catalyticproperties of the various metal chips used.

2. An easy regulation of the dissociation, depolymerization ordistillation in order to regulate the output and to produce more or lessvolatile hydrocarbons of the desired classes. Y

3. The suppression of the very high pressures now in use in thisindustry and consequently, the reductionof fire and explosion hazards,since in the present device, the complete industrial cycle is performedunder the atmospheric pressure.

It must be noted that instead of being supplied to the retort in aliquid state, the hydrocarbons to be treated may be preliminarily heatedand vaporized, and supplied to the retort in the state of vapours. Insuch case the radiator B (Fig. 1) is replaced by a feed heater B (Fig.8) to which the oil to be treated is supplied from the supply tank A.Said feed heater is of any known type, for instance of the type in whichheating steam is supplied to a set of heating tubes 13 through ,a

pipe B and is discharged through a pipe B. 'The oil is thus heated up toa maximum of 200 (3., i. e. is merely vaporized, no change taking placein its chemical composition and the hydrocarbon vapours are led to thebottom of the retort through the pipe B The expander-coolers D and D areshown in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 7. Each expander-cooler comprises a reversetruncated cone V surrounded by an outer casing D preferably welded onsaid cone. Two cross plates V and V divide the latter into three parts,and

through the middle part extends a vertical centraltube V closed at itsends by said plates V and V and connected by cross tubes 0 with theannular space provided between the cone V and the casing D. The spaceprovided within the cone V between the plates V and V is divided byremovable perforated cross plates '0 the perforations whereof arestaggered, and corresponding perforations are provided in the plates Vand V so that communication is thus established betweenthe lower andupper parts of the cone V. The removable plates '0 are intended tosupport metal chi s. r

Water is fed t rough the pipe Z to the space between the cone V and thecasing D after havin been preliminarily heated up to or near its oilingtemperature under a determined pressure, and is discharged through thetube Z while the mixture of hydrocarbon gases and vapours is fed to theapparatus through the pipe W and the uncondensed gases and vapourshaving passed through the metal chips supported by the plates '1: aredischarged at the upper part of the cone V. The hydrocarbons condensedwithin the apparatus are evacuatedthrough the pipe T. The vaporizedhydrocarbons, entering in a highly heated condition from the retort,undergo, in the first expander, then. in the second, twosuccessive'coolings, very sudden but incomplete, owing to 'a quick-andlarge absorption of heat resulting from the vaporization of boilingwater. Said water is kept,

inside each expander-coolenht a determined temperature, which can beregulated b means of an outlet J and J", equipped wit 1 a tap which canbe opened at will to the desired'dcgree, in order to obtain a steam pressure corresponding to the desired and necessary temperature, which isabout 250 to 300 centigrade for the first expander'and about 120 to 130centigrade for the second.

A more or less large quantity of calcium chloride or anv other materialis added to the water in the first expander in order to raise theboiling point of the water, so as to avoid maintaining a too high steampressure in the outer receiver of the first expander in view ofobtaining a temperature of 250 to 300 centigrade.

This water is first supplied to, the second expander-cooler D by meansof a pump H and through the pipes I, I; then it is sucked from saidexpander D through pipe I" by pump H which'forces it into the firstexpander D through pipe I'.

The other devlces used in the plant present no particularcharacteristics; they simply serve to improve or complete the industrialcycle by using, for instance, the waste heat escaping from the retort,in the heat exchanger (5), the same being of any type of fire brick box;a blower (6) located atthe other end of the heat exchanger produces thedraught andfo'rces the combustion gas out; the use of the manometers Mand 15 is necessary in order to watch the steam pressure inside theouter containers of the expandercoolcrs. The manometer M serves formeasuring the pressure of the vaporized hydrocarbons inside the firstexpander-cooler. Moreover, the pyrolncters P, P and P" are used tocontrol the temperatures during the operation of the thermo-chemicalcycle. A safety valve S has also been provided between the retort andthe first expander-cooler.

The operation of the above described plant is as follows: E

The feed tank A isi only used to maintain a constant level in tlieretort. The; hydrocarbons discharged from said tank through pipe A arecirculated into the heat exchanger B wherein they are healted up toabout 200 and, when thus heated, they will be promptly vaporized as soonas they reach the bottom of the retort through the pipe B The vaporsthus produced rise successively into the superposed partial retorts, ashas been above explained while flowing through the metallic chips, madeof copper, iron, aluminum, nickel, etc. which, while dividing up thevapors into very thin streams, react chemically on their molecules.

The molecules, thus transformed, escape from the retort at a temperaturevarying between 550 and 650 centigrade and, through pipes C and w enterthe first expandercooler D (the temperature of which is kept only at 250to 300 centi grade) they are thus subjected to a very sudden butincomplete cooling and to a sudden expansion. The heavier hydrocarbonscondense and return directly to the feed tank, through pipe T, in orderto be subjected again to the thermochemical cycle of vaporization anddepolymerization.

This expansion and sudden cooling are caused by the rapid absorption, bythe boiling Water, of the 537 calories which, as is known, are necessaryfor its passage from the liquid state to the state of saturated vapor.In other words, the volumes being equal, boiling water absorbs, forinstance, ten times more heat in order to be vaporized, more or lessinstantaneously, than the calories absorbed in passing from 15 tocentigrade in the pipes of one of the usual coolers of the petroleum orshale distilleries.

Moreover, the temperature of 250 to 300 C. maintained in the firstexpander-cooler permits, by the presence of the metallic chips which arelocated therein, the completion of the catalytic reactions commenced inthe retort. Such reactions are favourably influenced by the expansionand the sudden cooling of the vaporized hydrocarbons.

The vaporized hydrocarbons discharged by the first expander-cooler at atemperature of about 280 C. are then subjected to a further expansionand a further sudden cooling in the second expander-cooler, inside whichthe temperature is about 180 and wherein the same phenomena ofabsorption of heat from the hydrocarbon vapors and of depoly--merization are reproduced, but in a less intense mann'er.

Some condensable vapors, having dropper to the bottom of this secondexpander, are collected in order to be used, according to requirements,in their actual state, or rectified, as they only contain relativelylight-products, such as: light lubricating oils, kerosene, gasoline usedfor heavy cars. The hydrocarbons not yet condensed are directed throughpipe E into a cooler E of any known type where they condense and formvery light and volatile products including the light gasoline used inmotor vehicles and aircraft engines and also a rather large quantity ofpetroleum others.

Some gases which are not condensed at the ambient temperature escapefrom this cooler E, and consist of the rich gas, and very volatilehydrocarbons used in perfumery, pharmacy and for the manufacture ofvarnishes. Said ethers or volatile hydrocarbons are condensed in thepurifier O for the rich gas, either by pressure or by allowing saidgases to bubble through some heavy oil which dis- "solves them and fromwhich they are, later on, extracted by vacuum distillation or otherwise.

The rich gas which finally remains is identical with the oil gas used,for instance, by the railway companies for lighting their cars, etc. Itis stored into a gasometer located after purifier 0.

It is to be noticed that the metallic frame work supporting the variousapparatus permits easy access to the top of the retort, and to theexpanders and other devices and that a pivoting bracket X equipped witha tackle X affords a means for the removal of the disc bearing casing aof the retort from its outer jacket a (Figs. 4 and 5), at will and thereplacement of it after cleaning, and, if re quired, after some of itsplates or discs have been refilled.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. An installation for the distillation and depolymerization of liquidhydrocarbons comprising a vertical retort provided with a centralheating conduit and a passage for the hydrocarbons formed of a series ofannular chambers surrounding said central conduit and arranged to causethe hydrocarbons to traverse said passage in alternately oppositedirections, heating means disposed at the upper end of said centralconduit, means for supplying, at a pressure substantially equal to theatmospheric pressure the hydrocarbons to be treated to the lower end ofsaid passage, a number of superimposed expander-coolers, the lowerexpander-cooler being disposed above thevertical retort, means forconnecting the upper end of said passage to the lower expander-cooler,means for connecting said expandencoolers to each other, a final coolingand condensing apparatus and means for connecting the upperexpander-cooler to said final cooling and condensing apparatus.

2. An installation for the distillation and depolymerization of liquidhydrocarbons comprising a vertical retort constituted by a metalliccasing, a metallic central heating tube within said casing, said centralheating tube carrying metallic transverse plates, a longitudinal axialmetallic partition dividing the annular spaces thus formed, means forconnecting said annular spaces to each other successively on alternatesides of said partition, heating means disposed at the upper end of saidcentral tube and directing the flames downwards, means for supplying, at

a pressure substantiall equal to the atmospheric pressure, the hyrocarbons to be treated to the lower annular space of said retort, anumber of superimposed expander-coolers, the lower expander-cooler beingdisposed above the retort, means for connectin the upper annular spaceof said retort to the ower expander cooler, means for connecting saidexpander-coolers to each other, a final cooling and condensing apparatusand means for connecting the upper expander-cooler to said final coolingand condensing apparatus.

3. An installation for the distillation and depolymerization of liquidhydracarbons comprising a vertical retort constituted by an outermetallic casing, a metallic central heating tube within said casing theupper end whereof is smaller than the lower end, said central heatingtube carrying metallic trans ,verse plates contactin with said 'casin alongitudinal axial meta lie partition divi ing the annular spaces thusformed, means for connecting said annular spaces to each othersuccessively on alternate sides of said partition, heating meansdisposed at the upper end of said central tube and directing the flamesdownwards, means for supplying, at a pressure substantially equal to theatmospheric pressure, the hydrocarbons to be treated to the lowerannular space of said retort, a number of superimposed expander-coolers,the

' lower expander-cooler being disposed above 'the retort, means forconnectlng the upper vannular space of said retort to the lowerexpander-cooler, means for connecting said expander-coolers to eachother,'a final cooling and condensing apparatus and means for connectingthe upper expander-cooler to said final cooling and condensingapparatus.

4. An installation for the distillation and depolymerization of liquidhydrocarbons comprising a vertical retort constituted by an outermetallic casing, a metallic central heatiilg tube within said casing theupper end whereof is smaller than the lower end, said central heatingtube carrying metallic transverse plates contactin with said casing, alongitudinal axial metallic partition dividing the annular spaces thusformed, means for connecting said annular spaces to each othersuccessively on alternate sides of said partition, heating meansdisposed at the upper end of said central tube and directing the flamesdownwards, means for supplying additional air into said central tube atdifiercnt levels, means for supplying, at a pressure substantially equalto the atmospheric pressure, the hydrocarbons to be treated to the lowerannular space of said retort, a number of superimposed expander coolers,the lower expander cooler being disposed above the retort, means forconnecting the 'heating tube within said casing, the upper end whereofis smaller. than the lower end, said central heating tube carryingmetallic ing the annular spaces thus formed, means for connecting saidannular spaces to each other successively on each side of saidpartition, heating means disposed at the upper end of said central tubeand directing the flames downwards, tubes extending longitudinallythrough said central tube and opening at their upper ends into theatmosphere while their inner ends are respectively opening at difierentlevels into said central tube for supplying additional hot air thereto,means for supplying, at a pressure substantially equal to theatmospheric pressure, the hydrocarbons to be treated to the lowerannular s ace of said retort, a number of superimpose expander-coolers,the lower expander-cooler being disposed above the retort, means forconnecting the upper annular space of said retort to the lowerexpander-cooler, means for to traverse said passage in alternatelyopposite directions, heating means disposed at the upper part of saidcentral conduit, means for supplying at a pressure substantially equalto the atmospheric pressure, the hydrocarbons to be treated to the lowerannular space of said retort, a number of superimposed expander-coolers,the lower expander-cooler being disposed above the retort, each of saidexpander-coolers comprising an inner chamber provided with perforatedplates carry-,

transverse plates cont-acting with said casing, a longitudinal axialmetallic partition dividing suitable catalytic metallic chips and anannular chamber surrounding said inner chamber, means for supplyingboiling water under a determined pressure to said annular chamber, meansfor connecting the upper annular space of the retort to the bottom ofthe inner chamber of the lower expandercooler, means for the innerchambers of the expander-coolers to each other, a final cooling andcondensing apparatus and means for connecting the upper expandercoolertosaid final cooling and condensing apparatus.

7. An installation for the distillation and depolymerization of liquidhydrocarbons comprising a vertical retort provided with a centralheating conduit and a passage for the hydrocarbons formed of a series orannular chambers surrounding said central conduit and arranged to causethe hydrocarbons to traverse said passage in alternately oppositedirections, heating means disposed at the upper part of said centralconduit, means for supplying, at a pressure substantially equal to theatmospheric pressure, the hydrocarbons to be treated to the lowerannular space of said retort, a number of superimposed expander-coolers,the lower expander-cooler being disposed above the retort, each of saidexpander-coolers comprising an inner chamber provided with perforatedplates carrying suitable catalytic metallic chips and an annular chambersurrounding said inner chamber, means for supplying boiling waterto-said annular chamber, means for connecting the upper annular space ofthe retort to the bottom of the inner chamber of the lowerexpander-cooler, means for connecting the inner chambers of theexpander-coolers to each other, a final cooling and condensingapparatus, means for connecting the upper expander-cooler to said finalcooling and condensing apparatus and means for leading the gaseousproducts discharged by the latter into a tank containing liquid heavyhydrocarbons.

8. An installation for the distillation and depolymerization of liquidhydrocarbons comprising a vertical retort provided with a centralheating conduit and a passage for the hydrocarbons formed of a series ofannular chambers surrounding said central conduit and arranged to causethe hydrocarbons to traverse said passage in alternately oppositedirections, heating means disposed at the uptwo superimposedexpander-coolers, the lower expander-cooler being disposed above thevertical report, means for connecting the upper end of said passage tothe lower expandercoolcr, means for connecting said expandercoolcrs toeach other, a final cooling and condensing apparatus and means forconnecting the upper expander-cooler to said final cooling andcondensing apparatus.

9. In an installation for the depolymerization of liquid hydrocarbons,means for vaporizing the hydrocarbons to be treated, a number ofsubstantially vertical heated retorts adapted to provide for the naturalascension therethrough of the hydrocarbon vapours at asubstantiallyatmospheric pressure and through zones ofgradually rising temperatures,said retorts containing catalyzers adapted for the treatment of saidhydrocarbon vapours at such temperatures, a number of superimposedexpander-coolers disposed in seriesabove said retorts, saidexpander-coolers being respectively adapted to produce concomitant,brisk and intensive expansion and cooling of the vapours issuing fromsaid retorts and to provide for the natural ascension of said vapourstherethrough and a final condenser connected to the uppermostexpander-cooler.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ADOLPHE ANTOINE FRANCOIS MARIUS SEIGLE.

